Matrix Monday: Designing Matrix Organisations that Actually Work

John Bland, Global Integration

John Bland, Global Integration

As part of our ‘Matrix Monday’ series, where we report back on some of the limited literature available on matrix management, John Bland, a senior Global Integration consultant, reviews Designing Matrix Organisations that Actually Work by Jay Galbraith.

This book aims to show you how to create a matrix structure and how to make that structure work.

It is worth reading for anyone with an interest in matrix structures, particularly from the point of designing them.  I’d recommend it for anyone in Organisational Development (OD) plus anyone else who has the task of designing a structure for their organisation and would like to know what a matrix is, and why do it.

The book is basically in three parts.  Following a brief introduction, which covers where the matrix came from, section one covers simple matrix structures, and section two covers more complex matrices.  Then, in section three, Galbraith deals with some tips and ideas on how to make these structures work.

The best parts of this book are the first two sections where Galbraith shares his evident wide-ranging experience of various companies (many of whom are Globally renowned multinationals), which have matrix structures. He goes through each situation, case by case, covering in some detail exactly what structure a particular company chose and why they chose that structure.  In process of doing this, he also covers some aspects of how each structure worked.

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The first entry to the Global Working competition

The first entry to our Global Working video competition wasn’t what we were expecting. Watch out for the flying flags, as eleven year old Rhys outlines what he thinks will be the global working environment he’ll be in if he gets to be formula one racing mechanic – you can view the video and vote for the entry here:

http://www.global-integration.com/video-competition/entries/global-working-racing-mechanics.html

(Note: page amended December 4, 2011, for easier access and viewing)

And the team this week is in….

This week has an Eastern European flavour with two of Global Integration senior consultants in the region training teams:  both Tony Poots and T.H. Ong will be found at different times this week in Moscow, where temperatures are just above freezing;. T.H. will also be delivering consultancy in Prague.

For those in the US, Kevan Hall will be in Delaware.

And in the UK, you’ll find team members at various points of the week in London, Newbury and Oxford.

If you’d like to catch up with any of them while they’re in your region, you can reach out directly using the contact details on their profiles, or contact your closest Global Integration regional office and we’ll see what we can arrange.

 

Matrix Monday: an economic analysis of matrix structure

Continuing with our ‘Matrix Monday’ series, we report back on some of the limited literature available on matrix management. Today we look at an older, but still relevant, paper on the economics of a matrix structure.

An Economic Analysis of Matrix Structure, Using Multinational Corporations as an Illustration by Tailan Chi and Paul Nystrom School (MANAGERIAL AND DECISION ECONOMICS, Manage. Decis. Econ. 1998)

This paper provides an economic analysis of matrix structures (the ‘MX-form’) compared to the more commonly found multi-divisional structures (the M-form), using multinational corporations to examine both cost-effectiveness and organisational advantages/disadvantages.

The reasons a multinational corporation would have a multi-divisional structure in place are discussed, and issues such as the significance of divisional autonomy and multidimensional interdependence are addressed. The paper examines when it becomes difficult to coordinate multi national corporations along the lines of a more conventional structure, and where the matrix may be a solution.

The paper finally goes on to look at merits and demerits of the matrix form, which it describes as a structure which ‘essentially combines two or more layers of M-form structures’, and examines the conditions which affect how efficient the matrix structure can be in a multi-national corporation.

With the limited academic resources on matrix management available online, many older (but still relevant), if you’ve found a great resource and would like to summarise it as a guest post, please contact Global Integration.

 


Friday fun

Just for fun, taken from Wordle, a ‘cloud’ of things we’ve talked about on this blog recently!

Meet the Judges: Kevan Hall

Continuing our Global working video competition ‘meet the judges’ posts, offering a deeper insight into why we chose our expert panel of judges and what they’re looking for. Today: Global Integration CEO Kevan Hall.

Kevan Hall at Tweetcamp

Can you introduce yourself to readers  in one sentence, please:

I am the CEO of the Global Integration group.

What made you agree to be a judge for the global working video competition?

I thought the competition would be great idea and enable more people to get involved in the topic. I also wanted to see how we could use YouTube and other social media to engage with people.

What’s been your own experience of global working?

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Where to find our team this week

This week you’ll find the Global Integration senior team on just two continents, largely because Thanksgiving is looming!

If you want to hook up with any of them whilst they’re in your neighbourhood – or at least closer than usual – you can find us in Europe as follows….

In Düsseldorf, Germany, you’ll catch Tony Poots, and in Athens, Greece, you’ll find Rod Farnan.

CEO Kevan Hall, Phil Stockbridge and John Bland are travelling to various places across the UK.

Our US based team Tim Mitchell, TH Ong and Robyn Green will be staying close to home and can be located in various spots including Arkansas and Los Angeles.

If you’ll be closeby to any of them, and would like to take advantage for a coffee whilst they’re there, contact your nearest regional office or the team member directly, and we’ll be delighted to try and arrange something convenient.

 

Matrix Monday: performance evaluation

Continuing with our ‘Matrix Monday’ series, we report back on some of the limited literature available on matrix management. Today we summarise Performance evaluation in a matrix organisation: a case study (Part One, Two and Three) by Steven H. Appelbaum, David Nadeau and Michael Cyr (Industrial and Commercial Training Vol. 40 No. 5, 2008)

At time of writing Steven H. Appelbaum was Professor of Management and Senior Concordia University Research Chair in Organizational Development, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada: David Nadeau was Senior Group Leader, CAE-Aerospace, Laval, Quebec, Canada; and Michael Cyr was Vice-President, Lockweld Inc., Candiac, Quebec, Canada.

There is a marked absence of recent or ample research on performance appraisals in a matrix organisation. This three-part paper sets out to understand the most effective method with which to review the functional performance of employees within a matrix organisation.

Part one offers an overall introduction to the stud,y and an overview of what a matrix organisation is as described by the literature.

Part two provides a ‘real time’ case analysis based on CAE, a company which provides simulation and modelling technologies and integrated training solutions for the civil aviation industry.

Part three,In part three, the authors demonstrate the tools, corporate participation and acceptance levels that are required with matrix structures to ensure employee and manager ‘buy in’ and implementation.

The authors conclude that the most effective method by which to measure employee performance within a matrix organisation is through employing a ‘multi-rater system’. Taking into consideration the known risks and challenges in evaluating employees within a matrix organisation, they suggest that this type of system provides the organisation with the most reliable method by which to evaluate its employees.

 

Cisco Connected World Technology Report

Below is a great infographic produced by Cisco to show the results of their recent research into workplace views and attitudes to technology of students and younger workers.

Our blog post relating to the reports findings can be found here – The New Workplace Currency: The Surprising – and Unsurprising Results

The Cisco Connected World Technology Report Infographic

The New Workplace Currency: The surprising – and Unsurprising – Results

When Cisco recently commissioned an international workforce study of nearly 3000 students and young people in the early stages of their careers, it found that one in three college students and young professionals consider the Internet to be as important as air, water, food, and shelter and found that their desire to use social media, mobile devices, and the Internet more freely in the workplace is strong enough to influence their future job choice -  sometimes more than salary.

That some things are more important than money in the workplace comes as no surprise to all but a few of us, but there are two particular areas of note within the survey: the preference for remote working; and their high use of social media.

Preference for remote working

It’s dangerous to assume that all of a single generation will be the same, but we can say with some certainty that these growing trends require careful management – and that management differs from when someone is sitting in the office with you.

Developing trust, community and strong working relationships are more challenging across distance. When competing for someone’s time and attention, these become really valuable currencies for getting things done. Working in, and managing, teams in complex virtual environments requires completely different skill sets and challenges assumptions made in traditional, more hierarchical, face to face working environments.

That some see working flexibly as a right only adds to this complexity. Managing or working with someone when you don’t know where they are or when they’ll be there is harder than knowing that someone will be in an office within set hours.

Desire for Social Media

The big fear around social media for companies is that people will be distracted rather that working. The survey will offer the worriers no comfort: more than 4 in 10 (43%) students from Cisco’s total sample (with considerable regional variations) note that they are typically distracted or interrupted by some type of social media three or more times per hour while they are trying to focus on a project or homework.

Whilst some companies will try hard to ‘control’ people’s use of social media, for the ‘digital natives’ and others who have embraced social media, rules will only be something that people will spend time and energy getting around, and could become a source of resentment and disengagement.

Education is almost always preferable to legislation, and used well in the workplace social media can be a great facilitator. It can only become more so as people work increasingly remotely and/or on flexible schedules. Helping people to tame the technology is an important workplace challenge.

Roughly seven in ten young professionals indicate that they have ‘friended‘ or ‘followed’ their manager and/or co-workers in social media spaces. With the boundaries blurring between home and work, personal and professional lives, the emphasis that HR needs to place isn’t around the distraction levels (which people will need to find ways to manage if they are to remain effective and employed) but in ensuring that people are aware of how to manage the pitfalls, and how to how to maintain a work/life balance effectively.

They will also need to find ways of addressing the problems faced by those who have not had access to high levels of connectivity – the digitally disconnected. The gap is widening by the minute.

The accompanying infographic can be found on a separate  Cisco Connected World Technology Report blog post. To find out more about how to address some of the workplace issues thrown up by this report, please contact your nearest Global Integration office.

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